![]() ![]() All fluid flow is classified into one of two broad categories. Solution of multi-phase fluid flow is very complex and difficult, and therefore it is usually in advanced courses of fluid dynamics.Īnother usually more common classification of flow regimes is according to the shape and type of streamlines. All of the fluid flow equations (e.g., Bernoulli’s Equation) and relationships discussed in this section ( Fluid Dynamics) were derived to flow a single phase of fluid, whether liquid or vapor. Multi-phase Fluid Flow (or Two-phase Fluid Flow).It is widely accepted that the Navier–Stokes equations (or simplified Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations) can exhibit turbulent solutions, and these equations are the basis for essentially all CFD codes.įrom a practical engineering point of view the flow regime can be categorized according to several criteria.Īll fluid flow is classified into one of two broad categories or regimes. CFD is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve turbulent fluid flows. The main tool available for their analysis is CFD analysis. Turbulence is often said to be the “ last unsolved problem in classical mathematical physics.” Unfortunately, the highly intermittent and irregular character of turbulence complicates all analyses. In turbulent flow, the speed of the fluid at a point is continuously undergoing changes in both magnitude and direction.ĭetailed knowledge of the behavior of turbulent flow regimes is important in engineering because most industrial flows, especially those in nuclear engineering, are turbulent. Turbulence is also characterized by recirculation, eddies, and apparent randomness. ![]() ![]() In contrast to laminar flow, the fluid does not flow in parallel layers, the lateral mixing is very high, and there is a disruption between the layers. In fluid dynamics, turbulent flow is characterized by the fluid’s irregular movement of particles (one can say chaotic). Laminar flow tends to occur at lower velocities and high viscosity. When a fluid is flowing through a closed channel such as a pipe or between two flat plates, either of two types of flow (laminar flow or turbulent flow) may occur depending on the velocity, viscosity of the fluid, and the size of the pipe (or on the Reynolds number). Fluid particles move indefinite and observable paths or streamlines. The term streamline flow is descriptive of the flow because, in laminar flow, layers of water flow over one another at different speeds with virtually no mixing between layers. Therefore the laminar flow is also referred to as streamline or viscous flow. The fluid flows in parallel layers (with minimal lateral mixing), with no disruption between the layers. In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is characterized by smooth or regular paths of fluid particles, in contrast to turbulent flow, which is characterized by the irregular movement of particles of the fluid. ![]()
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